Marketing Communication

Bitcoin Correlation to Gold Jumps in 2020

07 April 2020

Quick take:

Long-term, bitcoin correlations with traditional asset classes remain low.
Short-term, the market sell-off induced by the COVID-19 pandemic increased bitcoin correlations with traditional asset classes—particularly gold, potentially hinting at bitcoin’s increasing safe-haven status.
A small bitcoin addition to a 60% equity/40% bond blended portfolio significantly reduced portfolio volatility during the recent market sell-off. While there are no UCITS bitcoin ETFs available today, we believe such products may have significantly reduced volatility for 60% equity/40% bond blended portfolios.

Our analysis shows that bitcoin correlation to gold remains low long-term. However, during the most recent COVID-19 induced broad market sell-off, bitcoin correlation to gold has increased significantly.

Bitcoin’s Correlation to Gold

Bitcoins Correlation to Gold

In The Investment Case for Bitcoin, we discussed how bitcoin may potentially increase portfolio diversification because of its low correlation to traditional asset classes, including broad market equity indices, bonds and gold. As shown in our year-end long-term correlation table, this thesis has held up well. Here we examine bitcoin’s correlation to traditional asset classes during the most recent COVID-19 induced market downturn and the months leading up to it.

In our long-term study, considering correlation data between 2012 and late March 2020, bitcoin exhibits low correlation to traditional asset classes. Bitcoin falls into the -0.1 and 0.1 correlation range with most traditional asset classes.

Correlation 1/2/2012 to 27/3/2020	S&P 500	Nasdaq	US Bonds	Bitcoin	Gold	US Real Estate	Oil	Emerging Market Currencies
S&P 500	-	0.96	-0.26	0.01	0.00	0.72	0.36	0.30
Nasdaq 100	0.96	-	-0.26	0.00	-0.01	0.64	0.32	0.27
US Bonds	-0.26	-0.26	-	0.03	0.29	0.07	-0.16	0.11
Bitcoin	0.01	0.00	0.03	-	0.03	0.03	-0.04	-0.01
Gold	0.00	-0.01	0.29	0.03	-	0.10	0.08	0.29
US Real Estate	0.72	0.64	0.07	0.03	0.10	-	0.23	0.29
Oil	0.36	0.32	-0.16	-0.04	0.08	0.23	-	0.23
Emerging Market Currencies	0.30	0.27	0.11	-0.01	0.29	0.29	0.23	-

Looking at more recent correlation data, we note that bitcoin’s correlations with traditional asset classes have begun to increase during the COVID-19 induced global market sell-off. Most notably, bitcoin’s correlation with gold has reached levels never before seen. We believe this may further cements its relationship with what is commonly viewed as safe haven assets and may bolster its potential as “digital gold”. We also note that bitcoin correlations with U.S. bonds increased significantly. U.S. bonds historically served as safe-haven assets during equity market sell-offs.

Specifically, from 13 to 27 March, bitcoin’s correlation with gold was 0.47 and 0.13 with U.S. bonds while -0.25 with the S&P500, -0.18 with the Nasdaq 100 and only -0.12 with US real estate. Bitcoin showed no correlation with emerging market currencies and 0.15 with oil.

Correlation 13/3/2020 to 27/3/2020	S&P 500	Nasdaq	US Bonds	Bitcoin	Gold	US Real Estate	Oil	Emerging Market Currencies
S&P 500	-	0.98	-0.22	-0.25	0.25	0.93	0.46	0.34
Nasdaq 100	0.98	-	-0.24	-0.18	0.30	0.91	0.52	0.22
US Bonds	-0.22	-0.24	-	0.13	0.36	-0.07	0.16	0.41
Bitcoin	-0.25	-0.18	0.13	-	0.47	-0.12	0.15	0.00
Gold	0.25	0.30	0.36	0.47	-	0.26	0.19	0.13
US Real Estate	0.93	0.91	-0.07	-0.12	0.26	-	0.57	0.47
Oil	0.46	0.52	0.16	0.15	0.19	0.57	-	-0.07
Emerging Market Currencies	0.34	0.22	0.41	0.00	0.13	0.47	-0.07	-

After expanding that timeframe to four weeks, bitcoin’s correlation with gold was 0.49, 0.17 with U.S. bonds, 0.15 with the S&P 500, 0.19 with the Nasdaq 100 and only 0.18 with U.S. real estate. Bitcoin showed a 0.31 correlation with emerging market currencies and 0.27 with oil.

Correlation 28/2/2020 to 27/3/2020	S&P 500	Nasdaq	US Bonds	Bitcoin	Gold	US Real Estate	Oil	Emerging Market Currencies
S&P 500	-	0.99	-0.17	0.15	0.25	0.94	0.56	0.50
Nasdaq 100	0.99	-	-0.18	0.19	0.27	0.92	0.60	0.42
US Bonds	-0.17	-0.18	-	0.17	0.30	-0.05	-0.10	0.38
Bitcoin	0.15	0.19	0.17	-	0.49	0.18	0.27	0.31
Gold	0.25	0.27	0.30	0.49	-	0.30	0.16	0.27
US Real Estate	0.94	0.92	-0.05	0.18	0.30	-	0.59	0.58
Oil	0.56	0.60	-0.10	0.27	0.16	0.59	-	0.17
Emerging Market Currencies	0.50	0.42	0.38	0.31	0.27	0.58	0.17	-

Year to date, bitcoin’s correlation with gold was 0.42, 0.13 with U.S. bonds, 0.13 with the S&P 500, 0.16 with the Nasdaq 100 and 0.15 with U.S. real estate. Bitcoin showed a 0.29 correlation with emerging market currencies and 0.29 with oil.

Correlation 1/1/2020 to 27/3/2020	S&P 500	Nasdaq	US Bonds	Bitcoin	Gold	US Real Estate	Oil	Emerging Market Currencies
S&P 500	-	0.99	-0.19	0.13	0.21	0.92	0.54	0.50
Nasdaq 100	0.99	-	-0.20	0.16	0.22	0.89	0.56	0.43
US Bonds	-0.19	-0.20	-	0.13	0.32	-0.04	-0.08	0.33
Bitcoin	0.13	0.16	0.13	-	0.42	0.15	0.29	0.29
Gold	0.21	0.22	0.32	0.42	-	0.29	0.16	0.21
US Real Estate	0.92	0.89	-0.04	0.15	0.29	-	0.57	0.56
Oil	0.54	0.56	-0.08	0.29	0.16	0.57	-	0.19
Emerging Market Currencies	0.50	0.43	0.33	0.29	0.21	0.56	0.19	-

We also looked at the proportional addition of a 0.5%, 1% and 3% allocation to bitcoin to a 60% equity/40% bond blended portfolio. While YTD portfolio performance with a bitcoin allocation only held up slightly better than the 60-40 blend, we noted that a small addition of bitcoin significantly reduced the volatility (as measured by standard deviation) of the 60-40 blend.

Risk and Return 1/1/2020 to 27/3/2020	Cumulative Return	Std Dev	Max Drawdown
S&P 500	-20.96%	69.04	-33.79
Bloomberg Barclays US Agg	2.67%	10.01	-6.30
60% EQ / 40% BD	-11.92%	39.13	-21.54
59.75% EQ / 39.75% BD / 0.5% BTC	-11.89%	32.42	-21.64
59.5% EQ / 39.5% BD / 1% BTC	-11.86%	32.39	-21.74
58.5% EQ / 38.5% BD / 3% BTC	-11.75%	32.30	-22.15

During the market selloff beginning on 2/20/2020, we saw that the volatility reduction of the bitcoin-included blended portfolio was even more pronounced than YTD figures.

Risk and Return 20/2/2020 to 27/3/2020	Cumulative Return	Std Dev	Max Drawdown
S&P 500	-24.78%	101.75	-33.79
Bloomberg Barclays US Agg	0.66%	14.57	-6.30
60% EQ / 40% BD	-15.20%	57.54	-21.54
59.75% EQ / 39.75% BD / 0.5% BTC	-15.32%	49.08	-21.64
59.5% EQ / 39.5% BD / 1% BTC	-15.44%	49.02	-21.74
58.5% EQ / 38.5% BD / 3% BTC	-15.91%	48.84	-22.15

We conclude that while long-term bitcoin correlations with traditional asset classes remain low, in the short-term, the COVID-19 induced market sell-off increased bitcoin correlations with traditional asset classes. In particular correlations with gold increased during the sell-off, potentially hinting to bitcoin’s increasing safe-haven status. We also note that a small bitcoin addition to a 60% equity/40% bond blended portfolio may help to reduce portfolio volatility during the recent market sell-off. While there are no UCITS bitcoin exchange traded funds (ETFs) available today, we believe such products may have significantly reduced volatility for 60% equity/40% bond blended portfolios.

Source for all tables: Morningstar. US Bonds is measured by the Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Index; Gold is measured by the S&P GSCI Gold Spot Index; US Real Estate is measured by the MSCI US REIT Index; Oil is measured by the Brent Crude oil spot price, Emerging Market Currencies is measured by the Bloomberg Barclays EM Local Currency Government Index.

Important Disclosure

This is a marketing communication. Please refer to the prospectus of the UCITS and to the KID before making any final investment decisions.

This information originates from VanEck (Europe) GmbH, which has been appointed as distributor of VanEck products in Europe by the Management Company VanEck Asset Management B.V., incorporated under Dutch law and registered with the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM). VanEck (Europe) GmbH with registered address at Kreuznacher Str. 30, 60486 Frankfurt, Germany, is a financial services provider regulated by the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority in Germany (BaFin).

The information is intended only to provide general and preliminary information to investors and shall not be construed as investment, legal or tax advice VanEck (Europe) GmbH, VanEck Switzerland AG, VanEck Securities UK Limited and their associated and affiliated companies (together “VanEck”) assume no liability with regards to any investment, divestment or retention decision taken by the investor on the basis of this information. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) but not necessarily those of VanEck. Opinions are current as of the publication date and are subject to change with market conditions. Certain statements contained herein may constitute projections, forecasts and other forward-looking statements, which do not reflect actual results. Information provided by third party sources is believed to be reliable and have not been independently verified for accuracy or completeness and cannot be guaranteed. Brokerage or transaction fees may apply.

All performance information is based on historical data and does not predict future returns. Investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal.

No part of this material may be reproduced in any form, or referred to in any other publication, without express written permission of VanEck.