Sector Exposures Continue to Evolve with Rating Migrations

Fallen angels underperformed broad HY by 0.45% (0.52% vs 0.97%) in April, and are now lagging by 0.48% YTD (4.24% vs 4.72%), driven by a -70.1% return on First Republic bonds which entered the index in March, and lower carry due to the higher quality tilt versus broad HY. The BB index returned 0.70% for April and 4.09% YTD, Single-B index returned 1.02% for April and 4.87% YTD and CCC & lower rate index returned 1.98% for April and 6.92% YTD.¹ In terms of flows, demand of High Yield ETFs picked up, with inflows of approximately $5.4bn according to Citi, with the majority of flows in the intermediate duration bucket. All of the short end categories had outflows and long duration saw some inflows, which could indicate an interesting rotation ahead of U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) expectations for the rest of the year.

What Happens After the Fed Pause?

After its latest interest rate increase following its early May meeting, the Fed appeared to signal that it may be considering a pause on additional interest rate hikes. Since the fallen angel index inception in December 2003, there have only been two Fed pauses: June 2006 and December 2018. Historically, fallen angels and broad high yield have performed well following a Fed pause. Overall, fallen angels outperformed broad high yield over different time periods. However, these historical pauses occurred amidst very different economic and market conditions compared to each other, and compared to conditions today.

For example, although high yield credit markets provided positive returns in the year following the June 2006 pause, that preceded a massive widening of credit spreads that began about one year after the last hike, signaling the start of the Global Financial Crisis. Although long term high yield investors would have fully recovered and achieved outperformance in fallen angels, that did not come without significant volatility, a 40% drawdown and unsurprisingly, returns that lagged U.S. Treasuries over a three-year period. Notably, the Fed paused rate hikes at a time when spreads were significantly tighter than their historical average. In contrast, the pause that occurred in 2018 was characterized by higher than average credit spreads, and began a multi-year period of outperformance of fallen angels, despite the COVID-related drawdown that occurred in 2020.

Ultimately, every cycle is different and the current environment likely differs from both historical examples. Spreads are tighter than average, but there are few signs of overexuberant lending, while the current hiking cycle was much larger than what occurred from 2016 to 2018 and the Fed’s resolve to maintain high rates for longer appears strong. We do believe that these examples further support the case for fallen angels as an attractive way for investors to gain exposure to high yield, due to their higher quality and unique drivers of return that have provided outperformance through various market cycles and in changing economic environments.

Source: ICE Data Services, VanEck. Returns are not annualized.

Fallen Angels Overall Statistics: Fallen angels yields increased by 6bps in April, while broad HY yields decreased by 8bps, which are now 36bps and 57bps tighter, respectively, than the YTD highs of mid-March.

Source: ICE Data Services, VanEck.

New Fallen Angels: Three new fallen angels were added to the Index, adding 1.33% of market value. Crane NXT was downgraded to high yield after Crane Co. completed a spinoff. Crane Co. now comprises of Aerospace & Electronics and Process Flow Technologies; the spinoff company, Crane NXT, comprises of Payment and Merchandising Technologies. The downgrade reflects the smaller scale, less business diversification and reduced revenues post-spinoff. Rogers Communications subordinated debt was downgraded to BB from BBB- by Fitch and S&P and to Ba2 from Baa3 by Moody’s, given the immediate increase in financial leverage following the acquisition of Shaw Communications for approximately C$25m. Western Alliance Bancorporation, a high-profile issuer following the mini banking crisis in March, was downgraded, reflecting the deteriorating operating environment and current condition for U.S. banks.

Source: ICE Data Services, VanEck.

Rising Stars: One new rising star, Sprint Capital Corporation, exited the index at a weight of 4.70%. Sprint entered the index in the middle of 2008 at $85, posting an approximate 35% price return over the 15-year period. Over the last 12 months, Sprint posted a negative price return of close to -3% but it outperformed the broad HY price return of -4.5% over the same period. Sprint joins Western Midstream and Kraft as the biggest rising stars over the last 2 years.

Source: ICE Data Services, VanEck.

Fallen Angels Performance by Sector: Sector composition had some notable changes in April following the shakeup in March. With the exit of Sprint, the Telecom sector weight dropped from 11.68% to 7.80% and now Leisure makes up the third largest exposure with a weight of 7.92%. Energy still has the highest weighting in the index, but its weight has declined YTD, while the Automotive sector weight has increased to approximately 18%.

The Banking sector continues to have a relatively high relative exposure (3.99% on March 31) vs broad HY 0.89%, although a new issuer was added at low weight: Western Alliance Bancorporation at 0.44%. Moody’s placed Western Alliance on negative watch when Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) collapsed last month. First Republic Bank, a fallen angel in March, dropped to close to zero following the takeover by regulators and forced sale to JP Morgan.

In terms of performance, the Banking sector continues to be the only sector posting YTD negative returns (-5.54%) after +3.99% in January, +0.33% in February, -5.56% in March and -4.13% in April. In terms of sector attribution vs broad high yield, the Energy sector contributed the most while the Banking sector was the top detractor in April.

Source: ICE Data Services, VanEck.

Fallen Angels Performance by Rating: Bed, Bad & Beyond (BBBY) filed for bankruptcy this past month after posting -68.57% return in April before exiting the index. It had been under stress for quite some time, so the bankruptcy was not a surprise. BBBY began running low on cash and closing stores in 2022, with spreads widening to over 1000bps during May. BBBY was about to default on its debt in February 2023 as it missed its February 1 payment, but was able to make said payment on February 28, thereby postponing its default for a few more months. The BBBY bonds entered the fallen angel index in October 2018 and had a total return of -73% while in the index. The weight in the index was minimal at the time of exit, at approximately 0.04%, due to the price decline. It is the first issuer to default since July 2021. We anticipate that default rates will pick up (from a very low level) as the impacts of Fed tightening and a slowdown in the economy materializes.

Source: ICE Data Services, VanEck.

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